| Quality | 0 | 0 |
| Ecosystem | 0 | 0 |
| Match Graph | 0 | 0 |
| Pricing | Paid | Paid |
| Starting Price | $1.00e-7 per prompt token | $1.05e-6 per prompt token |
| Capabilities | 11 decomposed | 13 decomposed |
| Times Matched | 0 | 0 |
Maintains conversation history across multiple exchanges, building context through a sliding window of prior messages. The model processes the full conversation thread to generate contextually-aware responses, enabling coherent multi-step dialogues without explicit state management. This is implemented via transformer attention mechanisms that weight recent and relevant prior turns more heavily than distant ones.
Unique: GLM 4 32B uses a hybrid attention mechanism optimized for cost-efficiency at 32B parameters, balancing context retention with inference speed — smaller than 70B models but with enhanced tool-use awareness built into the base architecture
vs alternatives: More cost-effective than GPT-4 or Claude 3 Opus for conversational tasks while maintaining competitive reasoning quality through specialized training on tool-use and code tasks
Generates syntactically correct code across 40+ programming languages by learning language-specific idioms, libraries, and patterns from training data. The model understands context from partial code, docstrings, and type hints to predict the most likely next tokens, supporting both completion-in-place and full-function generation. Implementation leverages transformer architecture with language-aware tokenization and embedding spaces.
Unique: GLM 4 32B includes specialized training on code-related tasks with enhanced support for tool-use patterns, making it particularly effective at generating code that calls APIs or external functions — not just standalone code
vs alternatives: More cost-effective than Copilot Pro or Claude for code generation while maintaining competitive accuracy on tool-use and API integration patterns due to specialized training
Understands complex, multi-step instructions and breaks them into executable subtasks, maintaining state across steps. The model learns to follow detailed specifications, handle edge cases, and adapt to variations in input. Implementation uses instruction-tuning on task datasets with explicit step-by-step reasoning, enabling the model to plan, execute, and verify each step of a workflow.
Unique: GLM 4 32B is trained on instruction-following datasets with explicit reasoning traces, enabling it to show its planning process and decompose tasks transparently — this makes it easier to debug and verify complex workflows
vs alternatives: More reliable at instruction-following than smaller models while being more cost-effective than GPT-4, with better transparency about reasoning process than black-box systems
Accepts structured tool definitions (function signatures, parameter schemas, descriptions) and generates function calls with correctly-typed arguments when the model determines a tool is needed. The model learns to route requests to appropriate tools by matching user intent against tool descriptions, then formats output as structured JSON or code that can be directly executed. This is implemented via instruction-tuning on tool-use datasets and constrained decoding to ensure valid schema compliance.
Unique: GLM 4 32B has significantly enhanced tool-use capabilities built into the base model (not via fine-tuning), enabling reliable function calling without additional instruction-tuning — this is a core architectural feature rather than a bolt-on capability
vs alternatives: More reliable tool-use than smaller open models while being more cost-effective than GPT-4 Turbo, with native support for complex multi-step tool chains
Can query the internet to retrieve current information when the model determines that real-time data is needed to answer a user query. The model learns to recognize when its training data is insufficient (e.g., current events, recent product releases, live prices) and generates search queries, then synthesizes results into coherent answers. Implementation involves decision logic to determine search necessity, query generation, and result ranking/synthesis.
Unique: GLM 4 32B integrates online search as a native capability (not via external RAG systems), with the model learning when to search and how to synthesize results — reducing the need for separate search infrastructure
vs alternatives: More integrated than Perplexity's approach (which is search-first) while being more cost-effective than GPT-4 with Bing search, with native decision logic about when search is necessary
Extracts structured information from unstructured text by mapping content to predefined schemas (JSON, tables, key-value pairs). The model understands semantic relationships and can normalize data, handle missing fields, and infer types based on context. Implementation uses instruction-tuning on extraction tasks combined with constrained decoding to ensure output conforms to specified schema, preventing hallucinated fields or type mismatches.
Unique: GLM 4 32B uses constrained decoding to guarantee schema compliance, preventing invalid JSON or missing required fields — this is more reliable than post-hoc validation of unconstrained generation
vs alternatives: More cost-effective than GPT-4 for extraction tasks while maintaining competitive accuracy through specialized training, with guaranteed schema compliance reducing post-processing overhead
Analyzes code snippets or error messages to identify bugs, suggest fixes, and explain root causes. The model understands common error patterns, language-specific pitfalls, and debugging strategies. It generates corrected code, explains why the error occurred, and suggests preventive measures. Implementation leverages training on code repositories with bug fixes and error logs, enabling pattern recognition across languages and frameworks.
Unique: GLM 4 32B combines code understanding with reasoning about error patterns, enabling it to suggest not just fixes but explanations of why errors occur — this requires both language modeling and logical reasoning
vs alternatives: More cost-effective than GitHub Copilot for debugging while providing better explanations than simple error-matching tools, with reasoning about root causes rather than just pattern matching
Translates text between 50+ language pairs while preserving semantic meaning, tone, and context. The model understands idioms, cultural references, and technical terminology, adapting translations to target audience and domain. Implementation uses multilingual transformer embeddings trained on parallel corpora, with special handling for code, proper nouns, and domain-specific terms to maintain accuracy across languages.
Unique: GLM 4 32B uses multilingual embeddings trained on diverse parallel corpora, enabling it to handle low-resource language pairs better than models trained primarily on English — this is a training data advantage rather than architectural
vs alternatives: More cost-effective than specialized translation APIs while maintaining competitive quality through multilingual training, with better handling of technical and code-related content than generic translation services
+3 more capabilities
GLM-5.1 executes multi-step coding tasks over extended timeframes without requiring human intervention between steps, using an internal planning mechanism that decomposes complex objectives into sub-tasks and maintains execution state across sequential operations. Unlike minute-level interaction models that require prompting after each step, this capability enables the model to autonomously navigate decision trees, handle errors, and adapt strategy based on intermediate results without context resets.
Unique: Designed specifically for minute+ autonomous execution windows rather than single-turn interactions; maintains internal execution state and decision-making across extended task horizons without requiring external orchestration or re-prompting between steps
vs alternatives: Outperforms GPT-4 and Claude for long-horizon coding tasks because it's architected for continuous autonomous operation rather than stateless request-response cycles
GLM-5.1 generates and refactors code with awareness of the full codebase structure, dependencies, and patterns, using semantic understanding of how changes in one file propagate to others. The model analyzes import graphs, function signatures, and usage patterns across files to ensure generated code maintains consistency and doesn't introduce breaking changes, rather than treating each file in isolation.
Unique: Maintains semantic awareness of codebase structure and cross-file dependencies during generation, enabling it to make coordinated changes across multiple files rather than treating each file independently
vs alternatives: Produces more consistent multi-file refactorings than Copilot or Claude because it reasons about the entire codebase context simultaneously rather than file-by-file
Z.ai: GLM 4 32B scores higher at 24/100 vs Z.ai: GLM 5.1 at 24/100.
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GLM-5.1 diagnoses errors and bugs by analyzing error messages, stack traces, and code context to identify root causes and suggest fixes. The model correlates error symptoms with likely causes, explains why errors occur, and provides specific debugging steps or code fixes.
Unique: Diagnoses errors by correlating symptoms with root causes using semantic understanding of code and error patterns, providing explanations and fixes rather than just pattern matching
vs alternatives: More effective at diagnosing subtle bugs than search-based solutions because it reasons about code semantics and error causality
GLM-5.1 identifies performance bottlenecks in code and suggests optimizations with specific implementation guidance, analyzing algorithms, data structures, and resource usage to recommend improvements. The model understands performance implications of different approaches and can suggest algorithmic or architectural changes to improve efficiency.
Unique: Suggests optimizations based on algorithmic and architectural analysis rather than just code-level tweaks, understanding performance implications of different approaches
vs alternatives: Provides more meaningful performance guidance than generic LLMs because it understands algorithm complexity and can suggest structural improvements
GLM-5.1 analyzes code for security vulnerabilities including injection attacks, authentication/authorization issues, cryptographic weaknesses, and data exposure risks, providing specific remediation guidance. The model understands common vulnerability patterns and security best practices to identify risks and suggest secure implementations.
Unique: Identifies security vulnerabilities through semantic analysis of code patterns and provides remediation guidance based on security best practices, not just pattern matching against known CVEs
vs alternatives: More effective at finding context-specific security issues than SAST tools because it understands code intent and can suggest secure implementations
GLM-5.1 performs step-by-step reasoning about code behavior by internally simulating or tracing execution paths, allowing it to predict runtime behavior, identify bugs, and explain code logic without requiring actual execution. This capability uses chain-of-thought-like reasoning applied specifically to code semantics, tracking variable state, control flow, and function call sequences to reason about correctness.
Unique: Applies extended reasoning specifically to code semantics and execution paths, enabling it to predict runtime behavior and identify subtle bugs through symbolic execution simulation rather than pattern matching
vs alternatives: More effective at finding subtle logic bugs than GPT-4 because it explicitly traces execution state rather than relying on pattern recognition
GLM-5.1 maintains rich context across multiple conversation turns when working on code, remembering previous edits, design decisions, and constraints without requiring users to re-specify them. The model builds an internal model of the codebase state and user intent that persists across turns, enabling iterative refinement where each turn builds on previous work rather than starting fresh.
Unique: Maintains stateful context across turns specifically optimized for code collaboration, remembering design decisions and codebase state without explicit memory structures
vs alternatives: Provides better iterative code refinement than stateless models because it retains context about previous edits and design intent across turns
GLM-5.1 translates natural language specifications into code that preserves semantic intent, handling ambiguous or underspecified requirements by inferring reasonable implementations based on context and common patterns. The model uses semantic understanding of both natural language and code to bridge the gap between high-level intent and low-level implementation details.
Unique: Translates natural language to code with explicit semantic fidelity checking, inferring reasonable implementations for underspecified requirements rather than producing literal or incomplete code
vs alternatives: Handles ambiguous requirements better than Copilot because it uses semantic reasoning to infer intent rather than pattern matching against training data
+5 more capabilities