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| Pricing | Paid | Paid |
| Starting Price | $5.00e-8 per prompt token | $6.00e-7 per prompt token |
| Capabilities | 9 decomposed | 11 decomposed |
| Times Matched | 0 | 0 |
Generates contextually appropriate responses to multi-turn conversations using a 24B parameter transformer architecture fine-tuned on instruction-following datasets. The model processes input tokens through attention mechanisms optimized for low-latency inference, producing coherent text completions that maintain conversation context across multiple exchanges without explicit memory management.
Unique: 24B parameter size positioned as the efficiency sweet spot between Mistral 7B (too small for complex reasoning) and Mistral Large (too expensive for latency-sensitive applications), using instruction-tuning optimized specifically for sub-100ms response times in production inference
vs alternatives: Faster inference than Llama 2 70B with comparable instruction-following quality due to smaller parameter count and optimized attention patterns, while maintaining Apache 2.0 licensing unlike proprietary models like GPT-3.5
Generates syntactically valid code snippets and completions across 20+ programming languages by learning language-specific token patterns during instruction-tuning. The model uses transformer attention to understand code context (variable scope, function signatures, imports) and produces contextually appropriate completions without explicit AST parsing or language-specific rules.
Unique: Achieves code generation without language-specific tokenizers or AST-based parsing by relying purely on transformer attention patterns learned during instruction-tuning, enabling single-model support for 20+ languages without architecture changes
vs alternatives: Faster code generation than Codex-based models due to smaller parameter count and optimized inference, while maintaining broader language support than specialized models like Copilot (which prioritizes Python/JavaScript)
Extracts key information and generates summaries from long-form text by leveraging instruction-tuning to follow structured output directives (JSON schemas, bullet points, key-value pairs). The model processes input text through attention mechanisms to identify salient information and reformat it according to specified output schemas without requiring explicit extraction rules or regex patterns.
Unique: Achieves structured output through instruction-tuning rather than constrained decoding or grammar-based token masking, allowing flexible output formats (JSON, YAML, markdown) without model retraining or specialized inference engines
vs alternatives: More flexible output formats than models using constrained decoding (which lock to specific schemas), while maintaining faster inference than larger models like GPT-4 that require more compute for equivalent extraction accuracy
Translates text between 50+ language pairs while preserving context, tone, and technical terminology through instruction-tuning on multilingual datasets. The model uses cross-lingual attention patterns to understand semantic meaning independent of source language and generates target-language text that maintains original intent without explicit back-translation or pivot languages.
Unique: Achieves multilingual translation through general-purpose instruction-tuning rather than specialized MT architecture (no encoder-decoder, no pivot languages), enabling single-model support for 50+ language pairs with unified inference pipeline
vs alternatives: Faster and cheaper than specialized MT APIs (Google Translate, DeepL) for real-time translation at scale, though with lower accuracy on technical content; simpler deployment than maintaining separate models per language pair
Answers questions about provided text passages by using attention mechanisms to locate relevant information and generate answers grounded in the source material. The model integrates with retrieval systems (RAG pipelines) by accepting pre-retrieved context chunks and generating answers that cite or reference specific passages without requiring explicit knowledge base indexing or semantic search infrastructure.
Unique: Designed as a lightweight inference endpoint for RAG pipelines where retrieval is decoupled from generation, allowing teams to swap retrieval backends (vector DB, BM25, hybrid) without model changes, unlike end-to-end RAG systems that bundle retrieval and generation
vs alternatives: Faster QA generation than larger models (GPT-4) due to smaller parameter count, while maintaining better answer grounding than models without explicit context input; simpler deployment than fine-tuned domain-specific QA models
Generates creative content (stories, marketing copy, social media posts, poetry) with controllable style and tone through instruction-following prompts that specify desired voice, length, and format. The model uses learned patterns from instruction-tuning to adapt output style without requiring separate fine-tuning or style-specific model variants.
Unique: Achieves style control through instruction-tuning prompts rather than style-specific fine-tuning or separate model variants, enabling dynamic style switching within a single model without redeployment
vs alternatives: More cost-effective than hiring copywriters or using specialized creative writing services, while offering faster iteration than fine-tuning domain-specific models; lower latency than larger models like GPT-4 for real-time content generation
Solves complex problems by generating intermediate reasoning steps before final answers, using chain-of-thought prompting patterns learned during instruction-tuning. The model produces explicit reasoning traces that decompose problems into sub-steps, enabling verification of logic and improving accuracy on multi-step reasoning tasks without requiring specialized reasoning architectures.
Unique: Implements chain-of-thought reasoning through instruction-tuning patterns rather than specialized reasoning architectures or reinforcement learning, enabling reasoning capabilities without model retraining or inference-time search
vs alternatives: Faster reasoning than models requiring inference-time search or tree-of-thought exploration, while maintaining better explainability than black-box models; lower cost than specialized reasoning models like o1 for problems not requiring deep search
Classifies text sentiment (positive, negative, neutral) and detects emotional undertones (anger, joy, frustration, confusion) through instruction-tuned classification patterns. The model uses attention mechanisms to identify sentiment-bearing words and phrases, then generates structured sentiment labels or detailed emotion descriptions without requiring separate classification layers or fine-tuning.
Unique: Performs sentiment analysis through generative text completion rather than discriminative classification, enabling flexible output formats (labels, scores, detailed explanations) from a single model without architecture changes
vs alternatives: More flexible output formats than specialized sentiment classifiers (which output fixed label sets), while maintaining faster inference than larger models; lower accuracy than fine-tuned domain-specific models but requires no training data
+1 more capabilities
GLM-4.5 uses a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture to dynamically route tokens through specialized expert networks based on input characteristics, enabling efficient processing of 128k-token contexts without proportional latency increases. The MoE design allows selective expert activation per token, reducing computational overhead while maintaining reasoning depth across extended conversations and multi-document analysis tasks typical of agent-based workflows.
Unique: Mixture-of-Experts routing specifically tuned for agent workloads rather than generic dense models; expert activation patterns are optimized for tool-use sequences and multi-step reasoning rather than general language tasks
vs alternatives: Outperforms dense models like GPT-4 Turbo on agent tasks within 128k context by routing computational budget to relevant experts, reducing latency and cost vs. models that process all tokens through identical layers
GLM-4.5 implements native function calling through a schema-based registry where tools are defined as JSON schemas with parameter constraints, type validation, and description metadata. The model learns to emit structured tool invocations that map directly to function signatures, enabling deterministic tool orchestration without post-processing or regex parsing. Integration with OpenRouter's API exposes this via standard function-calling parameters compatible with OpenAI's format.
Unique: Schema-based function calling is trained directly into the model weights rather than implemented as post-hoc decoding constraints, allowing the model to learn semantic relationships between tool purposes and input context during training
vs alternatives: More reliable than constraint-based function calling (e.g., Guidance, LMQL) because tool selection is learned rather than enforced, reducing parsing failures and enabling the model to reason about tool applicability
Z.ai: GLM 4.5 scores higher at 24/100 vs Mistral: Mistral Small 3 at 23/100.
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GLM-4.5 can be used for batch inference through OpenRouter's API, enabling cost-optimized processing of large numbers of requests. Batch processing typically offers reduced pricing compared to real-time API calls and is suitable for non-urgent inference tasks. The model can process batches of prompts efficiently, with results returned after processing completes. This is valuable for agents running scheduled tasks or processing large datasets.
Unique: Batch processing is offered through OpenRouter's unified API rather than a separate batch service, enabling seamless switching between real-time and batch modes with the same client code
vs alternatives: More cost-effective than real-time API for high-volume inference; simpler than managing separate batch infrastructure because OpenRouter handles queuing and result delivery
GLM-4.5 maintains coherent conversation state across turns by encoding prior messages into a compressed representation that persists within the 128k context window. The model uses attention mechanisms to selectively retrieve relevant prior context, enabling agents to reference earlier decisions, tool results, and user preferences without explicit memory management. This is particularly effective for agent workflows where state accumulation (e.g., task progress, discovered facts) must inform subsequent actions.
Unique: Implicit memory management through attention-based context selection rather than explicit memory modules; the model learns which prior turns are relevant without separate retrieval or summarization steps
vs alternatives: More efficient than explicit memory systems (e.g., LangChain's ConversationBufferMemory) because attention is computed once during inference rather than requiring separate retrieval and summarization passes
GLM-4.5 generates code across 40+ programming languages by leveraging training data that includes diverse codebases and syntax patterns. The model understands language-specific idioms, library conventions, and structural patterns (e.g., async/await in JavaScript, type hints in Python, generics in Java) without explicit language-specific modules. Generation is context-aware, respecting indentation, existing code style, and project conventions when completing or extending code snippets.
Unique: Language-agnostic code generation trained on diverse codebases rather than language-specific fine-tuning; the model generalizes syntax patterns across languages, enabling reasonable code generation even for less common languages
vs alternatives: Broader language coverage than specialized models like Codex (which emphasizes Python/JavaScript) but lower quality on niche languages compared to language-specific models; better for polyglot teams than single-language specialists
GLM-4.5 is trained on extensive technical documentation, API references, and code examples, enabling it to understand and reason about complex technical concepts, library APIs, and system architectures. The model can parse API schemas (OpenAPI, GraphQL, Protocol Buffers), understand parameter constraints and type systems, and generate code that correctly uses APIs based on documentation. This is particularly valuable for agent workflows that must interact with external systems.
Unique: Semantic understanding of API schemas and documentation is learned from training data rather than implemented as a separate schema parser; the model reasons about API semantics holistically
vs alternatives: More flexible than code-generation-only models because it understands API semantics and can reason about correctness; better than generic LLMs for technical tasks because training includes extensive API documentation
GLM-4.5 can generate responses that explicitly show reasoning steps, enabling transparency into how conclusions were reached. When prompted with chain-of-thought patterns, the model generates intermediate reasoning steps before final answers, making it suitable for applications requiring explainability or verification. This is implemented through training on reasoning-annotated data and prompt patterns that encourage step-by-step decomposition.
Unique: Chain-of-thought reasoning is trained directly into the model rather than implemented as a decoding strategy; the model learns to generate reasoning steps as part of its core training objective
vs alternatives: More natural and coherent reasoning steps than prompt-injection approaches (e.g., appending 'think step by step') because reasoning is learned as a first-class capability
GLM-4.5 supports multiple languages (Chinese, English, and others) with training that enables cross-lingual reasoning — understanding concepts expressed in one language and reasoning about them in another. The model can translate, summarize, and reason across languages without language-specific degradation. This is particularly valuable for global applications and agents that must operate in multilingual environments.
Unique: Cross-lingual reasoning is learned from multilingual training data rather than implemented as separate language-specific models; the model develops a shared representation across languages
vs alternatives: More efficient than maintaining separate models per language because a single model handles all languages; better for cross-lingual reasoning than language-specific models because the shared representation enables concept transfer
+3 more capabilities