Z.ai: GLM 4.5 ranks higher at 24/100 vs DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3.1 Terminus at 23/100. Capability-level comparison backed by match graph evidence from real search data.
| Feature | DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3.1 Terminus | Z.ai: GLM 4.5 |
|---|---|---|
| Type | Model | Model |
| UnfragileRank | 23/100 | 24/100 |
| Adoption |
| 0 |
| 0 |
| Quality | 0 | 0 |
| Ecosystem | 0 | 0 |
| Match Graph | 0 | 0 |
| Pricing | Paid | Paid |
| Starting Price | $2.70e-7 per prompt token | $6.00e-7 per prompt token |
| Capabilities | 10 decomposed | 11 decomposed |
| Times Matched | 0 | 0 |
Maintains coherent dialogue across extended conversation contexts by tracking semantic state and enforcing language consistency rules throughout multi-turn exchanges. The model uses attention mechanisms to preserve context alignment across turns while applying language-specific normalization to prevent code-switching artifacts and ensure uniform linguistic output within single conversations.
Unique: V3.1 Terminus specifically addresses reported language consistency issues through refined attention masking and language-aware token normalization, distinguishing it from base V3.1 which had documented code-switching artifacts in multilingual contexts
vs alternatives: Outperforms GPT-4 and Claude 3.5 in maintaining linguistic purity across turns while matching or exceeding their reasoning depth, with lower latency due to optimized inference routing
Breaks down complex user requests into executable sub-tasks with explicit reasoning chains, generating structured action plans that can be consumed by external tool-calling frameworks. The model produces intermediate reasoning steps with confidence scores and dependency graphs, enabling orchestration systems to parallelize independent tasks and handle conditional branching based on sub-task outcomes.
Unique: V3.1 Terminus improvements to agent capabilities include refined planning heuristics that better handle real-world constraint satisfaction and improved dependency graph generation, addressing failure modes in base V3.1 where task ordering was suboptimal
vs alternatives: Generates more executable plans than Claude 3.5 Sonnet with fewer hallucinated tasks, while maintaining reasoning transparency that GPT-4 lacks through explicit confidence scoring
Generates syntactically correct, production-ready code across 40+ programming languages using deep language-specific knowledge of idioms, libraries, and best practices. The model applies context-aware code completion by analyzing surrounding code structure, imports, and type hints to produce coherent multi-file solutions with proper error handling and documentation.
Unique: V3.1 Terminus maintains DeepSeek's efficient code generation architecture (MoE routing for language-specific experts) while improving accuracy on complex algorithmic problems through enhanced reasoning chains, differentiating from base V3.1's occasional logic errors
vs alternatives: Generates code 15-20% faster than GPT-4 with comparable quality, while maintaining lower API costs; outperforms Copilot on algorithmic problems requiring multi-step reasoning
Solves mathematical problems through step-by-step symbolic reasoning, generating intermediate derivations and proofs with explicit algebraic manipulations. The model applies formal reasoning patterns to handle calculus, linear algebra, number theory, and combinatorics, producing verifiable solution paths that can be validated against symbolic math engines.
Unique: V3.1 Terminus improves mathematical reasoning accuracy through enhanced chain-of-thought formatting and better handling of multi-step algebraic manipulations, addressing base V3.1's occasional sign errors and simplification mistakes
vs alternatives: Matches GPT-4's mathematical reasoning quality while providing more transparent derivation steps; outperforms Claude 3.5 on competition-level math problems requiring deep symbolic reasoning
Extracts information from unstructured text and generates structured outputs conforming to specified JSON schemas, using constraint-aware generation to ensure valid output format. The model applies schema validation during generation, preventing malformed JSON and ensuring all required fields are populated with appropriate types and values.
Unique: V3.1 Terminus implements improved schema-aware token generation using constrained decoding, reducing invalid JSON output by ~40% compared to base V3.1 which relied on post-hoc validation
vs alternatives: Produces valid JSON 95%+ of the time without post-processing, compared to GPT-4's ~85% success rate; faster than Claude 3.5 on large schema extraction due to optimized token routing
Synthesizes information across multiple domains to answer complex questions requiring cross-domain reasoning, generating comparative analyses that highlight trade-offs and relationships between concepts. The model produces structured comparisons with explicit reasoning about similarities, differences, and contextual applicability of different approaches or solutions.
Unique: V3.1 Terminus improves comparative reasoning through better handling of multi-dimensional trade-off analysis and more balanced representation of competing approaches, addressing base V3.1's tendency toward favoring dominant paradigms
vs alternatives: Produces more balanced comparisons than GPT-4 with explicit trade-off reasoning; outperforms Claude 3.5 on cross-domain synthesis requiring deep technical knowledge
Analyzes error messages, stack traces, and code context to diagnose root causes and generate targeted fixes with explanations of why errors occur. The model applies pattern matching against common error categories while analyzing surrounding code to identify context-specific issues that generic error messages don't capture.
Unique: V3.1 Terminus improves error diagnosis through better pattern recognition of error categories and more accurate contextual analysis, reducing false positive suggestions compared to base V3.1
vs alternatives: Diagnoses errors faster than manual debugging with better accuracy than GPT-4 on language-specific issues; provides more actionable suggestions than generic error documentation
Generates original written content (stories, articles, marketing copy) with controllable style, tone, and narrative structure through style-aware prompting and iterative refinement. The model maintains consistent voice across long-form content while respecting genre conventions and adapting to specified audience and purpose.
Unique: V3.1 Terminus maintains style consistency through improved attention to style tokens and better handling of long-form coherence, addressing base V3.1's occasional style drift in documents >3000 words
vs alternatives: Maintains narrative voice more consistently than GPT-4 across long documents; generates more engaging content than Claude 3.5 for creative writing while matching technical writing quality
+2 more capabilities
GLM-4.5 uses a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture to dynamically route tokens through specialized expert networks based on input characteristics, enabling efficient processing of 128k-token contexts without proportional latency increases. The MoE design allows selective expert activation per token, reducing computational overhead while maintaining reasoning depth across extended conversations and multi-document analysis tasks typical of agent-based workflows.
Unique: Mixture-of-Experts routing specifically tuned for agent workloads rather than generic dense models; expert activation patterns are optimized for tool-use sequences and multi-step reasoning rather than general language tasks
vs alternatives: Outperforms dense models like GPT-4 Turbo on agent tasks within 128k context by routing computational budget to relevant experts, reducing latency and cost vs. models that process all tokens through identical layers
GLM-4.5 implements native function calling through a schema-based registry where tools are defined as JSON schemas with parameter constraints, type validation, and description metadata. The model learns to emit structured tool invocations that map directly to function signatures, enabling deterministic tool orchestration without post-processing or regex parsing. Integration with OpenRouter's API exposes this via standard function-calling parameters compatible with OpenAI's format.
Unique: Schema-based function calling is trained directly into the model weights rather than implemented as post-hoc decoding constraints, allowing the model to learn semantic relationships between tool purposes and input context during training
vs alternatives: More reliable than constraint-based function calling (e.g., Guidance, LMQL) because tool selection is learned rather than enforced, reducing parsing failures and enabling the model to reason about tool applicability
Z.ai: GLM 4.5 scores higher at 24/100 vs DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3.1 Terminus at 23/100.
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GLM-4.5 can be used for batch inference through OpenRouter's API, enabling cost-optimized processing of large numbers of requests. Batch processing typically offers reduced pricing compared to real-time API calls and is suitable for non-urgent inference tasks. The model can process batches of prompts efficiently, with results returned after processing completes. This is valuable for agents running scheduled tasks or processing large datasets.
Unique: Batch processing is offered through OpenRouter's unified API rather than a separate batch service, enabling seamless switching between real-time and batch modes with the same client code
vs alternatives: More cost-effective than real-time API for high-volume inference; simpler than managing separate batch infrastructure because OpenRouter handles queuing and result delivery
GLM-4.5 maintains coherent conversation state across turns by encoding prior messages into a compressed representation that persists within the 128k context window. The model uses attention mechanisms to selectively retrieve relevant prior context, enabling agents to reference earlier decisions, tool results, and user preferences without explicit memory management. This is particularly effective for agent workflows where state accumulation (e.g., task progress, discovered facts) must inform subsequent actions.
Unique: Implicit memory management through attention-based context selection rather than explicit memory modules; the model learns which prior turns are relevant without separate retrieval or summarization steps
vs alternatives: More efficient than explicit memory systems (e.g., LangChain's ConversationBufferMemory) because attention is computed once during inference rather than requiring separate retrieval and summarization passes
GLM-4.5 generates code across 40+ programming languages by leveraging training data that includes diverse codebases and syntax patterns. The model understands language-specific idioms, library conventions, and structural patterns (e.g., async/await in JavaScript, type hints in Python, generics in Java) without explicit language-specific modules. Generation is context-aware, respecting indentation, existing code style, and project conventions when completing or extending code snippets.
Unique: Language-agnostic code generation trained on diverse codebases rather than language-specific fine-tuning; the model generalizes syntax patterns across languages, enabling reasonable code generation even for less common languages
vs alternatives: Broader language coverage than specialized models like Codex (which emphasizes Python/JavaScript) but lower quality on niche languages compared to language-specific models; better for polyglot teams than single-language specialists
GLM-4.5 is trained on extensive technical documentation, API references, and code examples, enabling it to understand and reason about complex technical concepts, library APIs, and system architectures. The model can parse API schemas (OpenAPI, GraphQL, Protocol Buffers), understand parameter constraints and type systems, and generate code that correctly uses APIs based on documentation. This is particularly valuable for agent workflows that must interact with external systems.
Unique: Semantic understanding of API schemas and documentation is learned from training data rather than implemented as a separate schema parser; the model reasons about API semantics holistically
vs alternatives: More flexible than code-generation-only models because it understands API semantics and can reason about correctness; better than generic LLMs for technical tasks because training includes extensive API documentation
GLM-4.5 can generate responses that explicitly show reasoning steps, enabling transparency into how conclusions were reached. When prompted with chain-of-thought patterns, the model generates intermediate reasoning steps before final answers, making it suitable for applications requiring explainability or verification. This is implemented through training on reasoning-annotated data and prompt patterns that encourage step-by-step decomposition.
Unique: Chain-of-thought reasoning is trained directly into the model rather than implemented as a decoding strategy; the model learns to generate reasoning steps as part of its core training objective
vs alternatives: More natural and coherent reasoning steps than prompt-injection approaches (e.g., appending 'think step by step') because reasoning is learned as a first-class capability
GLM-4.5 supports multiple languages (Chinese, English, and others) with training that enables cross-lingual reasoning — understanding concepts expressed in one language and reasoning about them in another. The model can translate, summarize, and reason across languages without language-specific degradation. This is particularly valuable for global applications and agents that must operate in multilingual environments.
Unique: Cross-lingual reasoning is learned from multilingual training data rather than implemented as separate language-specific models; the model develops a shared representation across languages
vs alternatives: More efficient than maintaining separate models per language because a single model handles all languages; better for cross-lingual reasoning than language-specific models because the shared representation enables concept transfer
+3 more capabilities